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Setosphaeria rostrata
''Setosphaeria rostrata'' is a thermophilic fungus with an asexual reproductive form treated in the genus ''Exserohilum'' (as ''Exserohilum rostratum'').〔 This fungus is a common plant pathogen, causing leaf spots as well as crown rot and root rot in grasses. It is also found in soils and on textiles in subtropical and tropical regions.〔 ''Exserohilum rostratum'' is one of the 35 ''Exserohilum'' species implicated uncommonly as opportunistic pathogens of humans〔 where it is an etiologic agent of sinusitis, keratitis and CNS vasculitis as well as cutaneous and subcutaneous mycoses.〔 Infections caused by ''Exserohilum'' are most often seen in regions with hot climates particularly Israel, India and Southern USA.〔
==Growth==
''Setosphaeria rostrata'' produce mature conidia with a distinct protruding hilum.〔 The conidia are either straight, curved or bent and the septum above the hilum is thickened and dark.〔 The walls are typically roughened and brown to olive in colour and there are typically 7–9 septa, however, some have 4–14.〔 ''Exserohilum'' species typically exhibit rapid growth producing darkly pigmented colonies.〔 Two other closely related species, ''E. longirostratum'', and ''E. mcginnisii'' display a high homology with ''E. rostratum''; however these can be differentiated by conidial morphology.〔''Exserohilum ongirostratum'' is characterized by larger conidia (up to 228 x 12–19 μm), with 6–16 distosepta centrally curved.〔 In contrast, ''E. mcginnisii'' has slightly clavate conidia, which are smooth-walled and brown and measure 44–76 x 11–18 μm with 4–8 distosepta lacking darkened bands.〔
''In vitro'' studies of ''E. rostratum'' growth show sporulation to be completely inhibited by light at but not at lower temperatures.〔 Optimum sporulation in continuous light occurs ''in vitro''.〔 At these lower temperatures, sporulation shifts from conidiophore induction to conidial formation.〔 At under continuous light, only conidiophores are formed.〔 Sporulation of ''Exserohilum'' species can be enhanced by growth on cellulose medium for better identification in culture.〔 In samples of naturally infested soil, overlaying plates with filter paper promotes sporulation and enables detection at low population levels.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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